Jean baptiste say biography of rory

Say&#;s Life ()

Jean-Baptiste Speak was born in Lyons on January 5, and died in Paris on November 15, Utter was the leading French political economist in the first third of the 19th century.

Before becoming an academic political economist quite late in life, Utter had worked at a broad range of occupations including an apprenticeship in a commercial office (following in the family tradition), working for a life insurance
company, journalist, soldier, politician, cotton manufacturer, and writer.

The major reason for his constantly modifying career were the political and economic upheavals his generation had to endure: the
French Revolution, the Revolutionary Wars, the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, economic warfare with Britain, and eventually the decline of the Empire and the Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy.

Only after this quarter century of turmoil could Say accept up his first position learning political economy in Paris in , an activity he was to continue until his death in

Say made his label as the leading French political economist of his era with the publication of the Traité d&#;économie politique () which went through many editions, revisions, and translations during his lifetime.

The economic ideas which are most closely associated with his identify are &#;Say&#;s law&#; of markets (crudely formulated sometimes as &#;supply creates its own demand&#;, or more broadly understood as the idea that producers, by character of finding markets for and selling their own goods, create income they can spend on other goods in the economy), the vital role played by the entrepreneur in economic outing, the contribution of &#;non-material&#; goods (such as services, human capital, and institutions) to the creation of wealth, and an premature formulation of the theory of rent-seeking.

Say was also a keen popularizer of economic ideas, writing several works in dialogue develop in order to teach liberal economic ideas to a broader audience at a time when economic nationalism and socialism were becoming more popular.

He is best known for Say's commandment —also known as the statute of markets—which he popularized, although scholars disagree as to whether it was Say who first articulated the theory. Say was born in Lyon. Say was intended to follow a commercial career and in was sent with his brother Horace to complete his education in England. His brother Louis Auguste — also became an economist.

One of his last major works, the Cours complet d&#;économie politique pratique (), was an try to broaden the scope of political economy away from the preoccupation with the production of wealth, by examining the moral, political, and sociological requirements of a free society and how they inter-related with the research of political economy.

In other words, he wished to restore political economy to its Smithian roots.

Say&#;s family originated in Nîmes but had to flee to Geneva in the late 17th century when the state ended the policy of toleration towards Protestants. They returned in the midth century to Lyon where Say&#;s father became a merchant.

The family intended Say and his brother Horace to maintain in the family business and, to this end, the two brothers were sent to London to learn how modern commerce was done. They learnt this and English as well.

Jean-Baptiste Say - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia ...: Jean-Baptiste Say (French: [ʒɑ̃batist sɛ]; 5 January – 15 November ) was a liberal French economist and businessman who argued in favor of competition, free trade and lifting restraints on business.

Say&#;s fluency in English meant that, when he came across a mimic of Smith&#;s Wealth of Nations (which had still not been translated into French) while operational in a life insurance office, he was able to instantly absorb its contents.

When the French Revolution broke out, Say was swept up in events: he stopped working for Mirabeau&#;s journal the Courrier de Provence to volunteer to fight and saw service in Champagne in ; he got
married only to find his family&#;s moderate wealth made him a target of the Terror before hyper-inflation wiped out most of what they had; finally, he was appointed editor of the journal of the liberal-minded
&#;Idéologues&#; La Décade philosophique, littéraire, et politique for which he wrote articles on political economy from

Say&#;s practical business experience and his truth of current economic policy led to his appointment in to the Tribunat where he served on the finance committee.

It was in this context that the idea of a treatise on political economy was hatched and the first of eventually six editions appeared in Say&#;s Treatise even came to the attention of First Consul Napoleon who, over dinner with Declare, suggested a new edition should be published which more explicitly supported the government&#;s unpopular fiscal policies.

Say&#;s blunt refusal to serve the interests of Napoleon and his constant opposition to the profligate spending of the government in the finance committee led to his dismissal from the Tribunat.

The next stage of Say&#;s career was a restore to the commercial world.

Exclaim relocated his family to Auchy in Pas-de-Calais where he fix up a cotton spinning plant using the latest machinery from England. After eight quite victorious years in business employing between people in his factory, Utter sold up
and returned to Paris in He was convinced that French economic policy was going to result in economic collapse: the continental system which excluded British goods from the Continent, the issuing of government licenses for business, the increasing tariffs on imported cotton, and the difficulties of trading in wartime, were all stifling French industry.

The publication of the second edition of the Treatise on Political Economy in brought Tell again to the attention of the government which employed him to travel to England on a fact finding mission to
discover the secret of English economic growth and to describe on the impact of the revolutionary wars on the British economy.

On the first controversy, it is clear that Declare did invent something like Say's Law. But the first person actually to use the words "supply creates its own demand" appears to have been James Mill, the father of John Stuart Mill. Say's Law has various interpretations. The long-run version is that there cannot be overproduction of goods in general for a very long moment because those who produce the goods, by their act of producing, produce the purchasing dominance to buy other goods.

Speak also used the trip to make contact with British philosophical radicals and
political economists such as James Mill, Jeremy Bentham and Ricardo. Part of his report was published in the pamphlet &#;De l&#;Angleterre et des Anglais&#; (). It contains a devastating critique of the economic impact of war on average British working people and the use of the Bank of England to pay the costs of war by depreciating the money and creating public debt which would take decades to pay back.

Only after the defeat of Napoleon and the Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy was the pre-eminent French political economist of his day able to get a job teaching economics in Paris, first at the Athénée, then a chair in &#;industrial economics&#; at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers (the expression &#;political economy&#; was still regarded as somewhat radical and subversive), and finally the first chair in political
economy at the Collège de France.

Although he was a notoriously horrible lecturer, reading directly from his manuscripts, he published aconsiderable amount in the remaining 17 years of his life. Numerous
trendy works on political economy appeared, along with several revised editions of the Treatise on Political Economy, a series of polemical letters written to Malthus, and a lengthy and unjustly neglected Cours complet d&#;économie politique pratique ().

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Bibliography

Works by J.

B. Say

Say, Jean-Baptiste, Traité d&#;économie politique, ou simple exposition dela maniÈre dont se forment, se distribuent et se consomment lesrichesses (1st edition , Paris: Deterville).

Jean-Baptiste Declare was a French classical liberal economist and scholar. Born in Lyon, Say had a distinguished career. He served on a government finance committee under Napoleon and taught political economy at several schools in France. His law of markets is a classical economic theory that states that production is the provider of demand.

Online at ?O=N&E=0

Say, Jean-Baptiste, A Treatise on Political Economy. Translated from the 4th edition of the French by C. R. Prinsep, M.A. (New American Edition by Clement C. Biddle, LL.D. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., ).

Say, Jean-Baptise, Cours complet d&#;économie politique pratique; ouvragedestiné à mettre sous les yeux des hommes d&#;état, des propriétairesfonciers et les capitalistes, des savans, des agriculteurs, desmanufacturiers, des négocians, et en général de tous les citoyens, l&#;économie des sociétés (Paris: Rapilly, ), 6 vols.

Online at ?E=0&O=N

Say, Jean-Baptiste, Oeuvres diverses contenant: Catéchisme d&#;économiepolitique, fragments et opuscules inédits, correspondance générale, Olbie, Petit Volume, Mélanges de morale et de litérature&#; précédéesd&#;une Notice historique sur la vie et les travaux de l&#;auteur, Avec desnotes par Ch.

Comte, E. Daire et Horace, Utter (Paris: Guillaumin, ). Online at ?E=0&O=N

Works about J. B. Say

Hart, David M., Class Analysis, Slavery and the Industrialist Theory of History in French Liberal Thought, The Radical Liberalism of Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer (unpublished Ph.D., King&#;s College Cambridge, ).

Online version

Sowell, Thomas, Say&#;s Law: An Historical Introduction. PrincetonUniversity Press,

Weinburg, Mark, &#;The Social Analysis of Three Early 19th Century French Liberals: Say, Comte, and Dunoyer&#;, Journal of Libertarian Studies, 2 no.1 ():

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*Dr.

He had classically liberal views and argued in favor of competitionfree tradeand lifting restraints on business. His most significant contribution is the thesis, known as "Say's Law," that supply creates its own demand. Thus he supported the laissez-faire position of Adam Smithstating that overproduction in one market will naturally go back to balance without government interference as the producer will either adjust production to different items or adjust prices until the goods sell. Say did not, however, agree with Smith's labor theory of value that the value of a commodity depends on the labor involved in its production, arguing instead that value derives from its ability to satisfy the desires or needs of the consumer.

David M. Hart is the former Director of the Online Library of Liberty. Previously he taught history at the University of Adelaide, South Australia. His study interests include 18th and 19th century French liberal thought.