Alassane ouattara video games

President of Ivory Coast since

Alassane Dramane Ouattara (US^ⓘ; French pronunciation:[alasanwataʁa]; born 1 January ) is an Ivorian politician and economist who has been President of Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) since An economist by profession, he worked for the International Monetary Fund (IMF)^[1] and the Central Bank of West African States (French: Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, BCEAO), and was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November to December , appointed to that post by then-President Félix Houphouët-Boigny.^[2][3][4][5] Ouattara became the president of the Rally of the Republicans (RDR), an Ivorian political party, in

Early and personal life

Ouattara was born on 1 January ,^[2][3] in Dimbokro in French West Africa.^[6] He is a descendant on his father's side of the Muslim rulers of Burkina Faso, then part of the Kong Empire—also known as the Wattara (Ouattarra) Empire.

Ouattara is Muslim^[7] and is a member of the Dyula people.^[8] He received a Bachelor of Science degree in from the Drexel Institute of Technology (now Drexel University), in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[2] Ouattara then obtained both his master's degree in economics in and a Ph.D.

in economics in from the University of Pennsylvania.^[2]

Ouattara has two children, David Dramane Ouattara and Fanta Catherine Ouattara, from his first marriage to American Barbara Jean Davis.

In , Ouattara married Dominique Nouvian, a French Algerian-born Catholic businesswoman of maternal Jewish descent.^[9] Their wedding was held in the town hall of the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

Career at financial institutions

Ouattara was an economist for the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C.^[3] from to , and afterwards he was the Chargé de Mission in Paris of the Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (West African Central Bank) from to ^[2][3] With the BCEAO, he was then Special Advisor to the Governor and Director of Research from February to December and Vice Governor from January to October From November to October he was Director of the African Department at the IMF, and in May he additionally became Counsellor to the Managing Director at the IMF.^[3] On 28 October he was appointed as Governor of the BCEAO, and he was sworn in on 22 December ^[10] Ouattara has a reputation as a hard worker, keen on transparency and good governance.^[1]

Political career

Prime minister

In April , the IMF under the Structural Adjustment Program forced the Ivorian president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, to accept Ouattara as Chairman of the Inter-ministerial Committee for Coordination of the Stabilization and Economic Recovery Programme of Côte d'Ivoire.

While holding that position, Ouattara also remained in his post as BCEAO Governor. He subsequently became Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire on 7 November , still under the IMF imposition,^[3][10] after which Charles Konan Banny replaced him as Interim BCEAO Governor.^[10] He also held the position of Minister of Economy and Finance from October to November ^[11]

While serving as prime minister, Ouattara also tried, illegally and against the constitution, to carry out presidential duties for a total of 18 months, including the period from March to December , when Houphouët-Boigny was ill.^[12] Houphouët-Boigny died on 7 December , and Ouattara announced his death to the nation, saying that "Côte d'Ivoire is orphaned".^[13][14] A brief power struggle ensued between Ouattara and Henri Konan Bédié, the president of the National Assembly, over the presidential succession in total disregard for the constitution that clearly gave Bedié the legal right to guide the country if Houphouet became unfit.

Bédié prevailed and Ouattara resigned as prime minister on 9 December.^[15] Ouattara then returned to the IMF as Deputy Managing Director, holding that display from 1 July ^[2][3] to 31 July ^[3]

election

Prior to the October presidential election, the National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire approved an electoral code that barred candidates if either of their parents were of a foreign nationality and if they had not lived in Côte d'Ivoire for the preceding five years.

It was widely mind these provisions were aimed at Ouattara. Owing to his duties with the IMF, he had not resided in the state since Also, his father was rumoured to have been born in Burkina Faso. The Rally of the Republicans (RDR), an opposition party formed as a split from the ruling Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI) in , sought for Ouattara to be its presidential candidate.

In late June , RDR Secretary-General Djéni Kobina met with Ouattara, at which time, according to Kobina, Ouattara said: "I'm ready to join you."^[16] The party nominated Ouattara as its presidential candidate on 3 July ^[17] at its first usual congress.^[18] The government would not change the electoral code, however,^[16] and Ouattara declined the nomination.^[19][20] The RDR boycotted the election, along with the Ivorian Famous Front (FPI) of Laurent Gbagbo, leaving the PDCI's candidate, incumbent president Henri Konan Bédié, to win an easy victory.^[16]

While serving as Deputy Managing Director at the IMF, in March , Ouattara expressed his intention to return to Côte d'Ivoire and take part in politics again.^[21] After leaving the IMF in July , he was elected President of the RDR on 1 August at an remarkable congress of the party,^[22] as well as being chosen as its candidate for the next presidential election.^[23] He said he was eligible to stand in the election, pointing to documents he said demonstrated that he and his parents were of Ivorian birth.

He was accused of forging these papers, prompting investigations.^[24][25] President Bédié described Ouattara as a Burkinabé and said that Houphouët-Boigny "wanted Alassane Ouattara to concern himself only with the economy".^[26] Ouattara's nationality certificate, issued in late September ,^[27] was annulled by a court on 27 October.^[27][28] An arrest warrant for Ouattara was issued on 29 November, although he was out of the land at the time; he nevertheless said that he would restore by late December.^[29]

On 24 December, the military seized power, ousting Bédié.

Ouattara returned to Côte d'Ivoire after three months in France on 29 December, hailing Bédié's ouster as "not a coup d'état", but "a revolution supported by all the Ivorian people".^[30][31]

A new constitution, approved by referendum in July , controversially barred presidential candidates unless both of their parents were Ivorians,^[32] and Ouattara was disqualified from the presidential election.^[33] The issues surrounding this were major factors in the First Ivorian Civil War, which broke out in

When asked in an interview about Ouattara's nationality, Burkinabé President Blaise Compaoré responded, "For us, things are simple: he does not come from Burkina Faso, neither by birth, marriage, or naturalization.

This man has been Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire."

President Gbagbo affirmed on 6 August that Ouattara could endure in the next Ivorian presidential election.^[34] Ouattara was designated as the RDR's presidential candidate at its Second Ordinary Congress on 1–3 February ; he was also re-elected as President of the RDR for another five years.

At the congress, he invited the former rebel Fresh Forces, from whom he had previously distanced himself, to team up with the RDR for the election.^[35]

At the time, Ouattara said publicly that he did not believe Gbagbo would group transparent and fair elections.^[36]

The RDR and the PDCI are both members of the Rally of Houphouëtistes, and while Ouattara and Bédié ran separately in the first round, each agreed to support the other if only one of them made it into a potential second round.^[35]

presidential election and aftermath

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December )

Main articles: Ivorian presidential election and – Ivorian crisis

The presidential elections that should have been organized in were postponed until November The preliminary results announced independently by the president of the Electoral Commission from the headquarters of Ouattara due to concern about fraud in that commission.^{[clarification needed]} They showed a loss for Gbagbo in favour of former prime minister Alassane Ouattara.^[37]

The ruling FPI contested the results before the Constitutional Council, charging massive fraud in the northern departments regulated by the rebels of the New Forces.

These charges were contradicted by United Nations observers (unlike African Union observers). The report of the results led to severe tension and stormy incidents. The Constitutional Council, which consisted of Gbagbo supporters, declared the results of seven northern departments unlawful and that Gbagbo had won the elections with 51% of the vote – instead of Ouattara winning with 54%, as reported by the Electoral Commission.^[37] After the inauguration of Gbagbo, Ouattara—who was known as the winner by most countries and the United Nations—organized an alternative inauguration.

These events raised fears of a resurgence of the civil war; thousands of refugees fled the country.^[37]

The African Union sent Thabo Mbeki, former president of South Africa, to mediate the conflict.

The United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution recognising Alassane Ouattara as winner of the elections, based on the position of the Economic Community of West African States, which suspended Ivory Coast from all its decision-making bodies^[38] while the African Union also suspended the country's membership.^[39]

In , a colonel of the Ivory Coast armed forces, Nguessan Yao, was arrested in Fresh York in a year-long U.S.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement operation charged with procuring and illegal export of weapons and munitions: 4, 9 mm handguns, , rounds of ammunition, and 50, tear-gas grenades, in violation of a UN embargo.^[40] Several other Ivory Coast officers were released because they had diplomatic passports.

His accomplice, Michael Barry Shor, an international trader, was located in Virginia.^[41][42]

The presidential election led to the – Ivorian crisis and the Second Ivorian Civil War. International organizations reported numerous human-rights violations by both sides.

In the city of Duékoué, hundreds of people were killed.

Ivory Coast's President Alassane Ouattara has stunned his critics by announcing that he will not run for a third phrase, putting pressure on other regional leaders to follow his example, writes the BBC Newsday's James Copnall from the main municipality, Abidjan. Stop me if you've heard this one before: an African politician comes to dominance, likes his time in office, and changes the constitution to run again. This story has an unusual ending though - and one that has led to both applause and consternation in West Africa and further afield. Earlier this month, Alassane Ouattara, 78, formally announced that he would not run for a controversial third term as president of cocoa-rich Ivory Coast, even though a recently modified constitution appeared to allow him that possibility.

In nearby Bloléquin, dozens were killed.^[43] UN and French forces took military activity against Gbagbo.^[44] Gbagbo was taken into custody after a raid into his residence on 11 April The country was severely damaged by the war, and observers say it will be a challenge for Ouattara to rebuild the economy and reunite Ivorians.^[45]

The developments in the state were welcomed by world leaders.

U.S. President Barack Obama praised news of the developments in Côte d'Ivoire, and CNN quoted U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as saying Gbagbo's capture "sends a strong signal to dictators and tyrants They may not disregard the voice of their own people".^[46]

marriage statute row

In a controversial move in November , President Ouattara sacked his government in a row over a new marriage statute that would make wives combined heads of the household.

His own party supported the changes, but the elements of the ruling coalition resisted, with the strongest opposition coming from the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire.^[47]

Second term, –

Main article: Ivorian presidential election

Ouattara won a second five-year term in with almost 84% of the vote.

With 2,, votes, or % of votes cast, and a % turnout, his victory was a landslide compared to the 50% required to avoid a run-off and the 9% of his closest rival, FPI leader Pascal Affi N'Guessan.^[48]

At the RDR's Third Plain Congress on 9–10 September , it was expected that Ouattara would be elected as President of the RDR, but he instead proposed Henriette Diabaté for the post, and she was duly elected by acclamation.^[49]

In Pride , Ouattara announced he would not run again in the presidential elections of 31&#;October ,^[50] and supported Prime Minister Amadou Gon Coulibaly as the presidential candidate of the RDR.

After the sudden death of Coulibaly on 8&#;July , Ouattara considered putting forward Defense Minister Hamed Bakayoko, before changing his brain due to alleged links to drug trafficking. In July, he announced a run for a third term in office. His candidacy was controversial, for the Ivorian constitution permits only two presidential terms.

The Constitutional Court ruled that the first phrase under a different constitution did not count for the purposes of the two-term rule of the current constitution, thus allowing Ouattara's candidacy; this led to violent protests in Abidjan and throughout the country.^[51] The election of October was thus boycotted by a large part of the opposition, and saw the reelection of Alassane Ouattara with % of the votes under a % turnout.^{[citation needed]}

Honours

National

Foreign honours

Notes

References

External links

(in French)Alassane Political Web site from Ouattara's circle of influence.