Brief history of rizal

José Rizal (June 19, –December 30, ) was a dude of intellectual power and esthetic talent whom Filipinos honor as their national hero. He excelled at anything that he place his mind to: medicine, poetry, sketching, architecture, sociology, and more.

Despite little evidence, he was martyred by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of conspiracy, sedition, and rebellion when he was only

Early Life

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, , at Calamba, Laguna, the seventh child of Francisco Rizal Mercado and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos.

The family were wealthy farmers who rented land from the Dominican religious order.

He expressed the growing national consciousness of many Filipinos who opposed Spanish colonial tyranny and aspired to attain democratic rights. He studied at the Jesuit Ateneo Municipal in Manila and won many literary honors and prizes. He obtained a bachelor of arts degree with highest honors in For a time he studied at the University of Santo Tomas, and in he left for Spain to enter the Central University of Madrid, where he completed his medical and humanistic studies.

Descendants of a Chinese immigrant named Domingo Lam-co, they changed their name to Mercado ("market") under the pressure of anti-Chinese feeling among the Spanish colonizers.

From an early age, Rizal showed a precocious intellect.

He learned the alphabet from his mother at the age of 3 and could peruse and write at age 5.

Education

Rizal attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, graduating at age 16 with the highest honors. He took a post-graduate course there in land surveying.

Rizal completed his surveyor's training in and passed the licensing exam in May , but he could not receive a license to practice because he was only He was granted a license in when he reached the age of majority.

He was an activist, writer, a polymath and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement which advocated for changes in the colony under the Spanish regulation. He was born on June 19, in the town of CalambaLaguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children 2 boys and 9 girls. His parents went to school and were adequately known.

In , the young man enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas as a medical student. He later quit the school, alleging discrimination against Filipino students by the Dominican professors.

Madrid

In May , Rizal got on a ship to Spain without informing his parents.

He enrolled at the Universidad Primary de Madrid after arriving. In June , he received his medical degree at the age of 23; the following year, he graduated from the Philosophy and Letters department.

Inspired by his mother's advancing blindness, Rizal next went to the University of Paris and then to the University of Heidelberg for further study in ophthalmology.

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda[7] (Spanish: [xoˈse riˈsal, -ˈθal], Tagalog: [hoˈse ɾiˈsal]; June 19, – December 30, ) was a Filipino nationalist, journalist and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.

At Heidelberg, he studied under the famed professor Otto Becker (–). Rizal finished his second doctorate at Heidelberg in

Being in Europe

Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years and picked up a number of languages. He could converse in more than 10 diverse tongues.

While in Europe, the young Filipino impressed everyone he met with his charm, intelligence, and mastery of a range of different fields of learn. Rizal excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting, teaching, anthropology, and journalism, among other areas.

During his European sojourn, he also began to compose novels. Rizal finished his first book, "Noli Me Tangere" (Latin for "Touch Me Not"), while living in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany, with the Rev. Karl Ullmer.

Rizal Park (Manila) History - TravelSetu.com: José Rizal (born June 19, , Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, , Manila) was a patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement. The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid.

Novels and Other Writing

Rizal wrote "Noli Me Tangere" in Spanish; it was published in in Berlin, Germany. The novel is a scathing indictment of the Catholic Church and Spanish colonial command in the Philippines, and its publication cemented Rizal's position on the Spanish colonial government's list of troublemakers.

When Rizal returned home for a visit, he received a summons from the governor-general and had to defend himself against charges of disseminating subversive ideas.

Although the Spanish governor accepted Rizal's explanations, the Catholic Church was less willing to forgive.

He returned to the Philippines in but was exiled due to his desire for reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and executed on December 30,at age Inhe traveled to Spain to conclude his medical degree. The manual was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled in.

In , Rizal published a sequel, titled "El Filibusterismo." When published in English, it was titled "The Reign of Greed."

Program of Reforms

In his novels and newspaper editorials, Rizal called for a number of reforms of the Spanish colonial system in the Philippines.

He advocated freedom of speech and assembly, equal rights before the law for Filipinos, and Filipino priests in place of the often-corrupt Spanish churchmen. In addition, Rizal called for the Philippines to become a province of Spain, with inclusion in the Spanish legislature, the Cortes Generales.

Rizal never called for independence for the Philippines. Nonetheless, the colonial government considered him a dangerous extreme and declared him an opponent of the state.

Exile and Courtship

In , Rizal returned to the Philippines.

José Rizal called for tranquil reform of Spain's colonial regulation in the Philippines. After his execution, he became an star for the nationalist movement.

He was almost immediately accused of being involved in the brewing rebellion and was exiled to Dapitan City, on the island of Mindanao. Rizal would stay there for four years, teaching university and encouraging agricultural reforms.

During that period, the people of the Philippines grew more eager to revolt against the Spanish colonial presence. Inspired in part by Rizal's progressive corporation La Liga, rebel leaders such as Andres Bonifacio (–) began to press for military operation against the Spanish regime.

In Dapitan, Rizal met and fell in love with Josephine Bracken, who brought her stepfather to him for a cataract operation. The couple applied for a marriage license but were denied by the Church, which had excommunicated Rizal.

Trial and Execution

The Philippine Revolution broke out in Rizal denounced the violence and received permission to travel to Cuba to tend to victims of yellow fever in exchange for his freedom. Bonifacio and two associates sneaked aboard the ship to Cuba before it left the Philippines and tried to convince Rizal to escape with them, but Rizal refused.

He was arrested by the Spanish on the way, taken to Barcelona, and then extradited to Manila for trial. Rizal was tried by court-martial and charged with conspiracy, sedition, and rebellion. Despite a lack of evidence of his complicity in the Revolution, Rizal was convicted on all counts and given a death sentence.

He is considered the Philippines' national hero and the anniversary of Rizal's death is commemorated as a Philippine holiday called Rizal Day. Rizal's military trial and execution made him a martyr of the Philippine Revolution. The seventh of eleven children born to a wealthy family in the town of Calamba, Laguna provinceRizal attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree sobresaliente. He enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas and then traveled alone to MadridSpain, where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.

He was allowed to marry Bracken two hours before his execution by firing squad in Manila on December 30, Rizal was just 35 years old.

Legacy

José Rizal is remembered today throughout the Philippines for his brilliance, courage, peaceful resistance to tyranny, and compassion.

Filipino schoolchildren study his final literary work, a poem called "Mi Ultimo Adios" ("My Last Goodbye"), and his two famous novels.

Spurred by Rizal's martyrdom, the Philippine Revolution continued until With assistance from the United States, the Philippine archipelago defeated the Spanish army.

The Philippines declared independence from Spain on June 12, , becoming the first democratic republic in Asia.

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